New Study Links Low-Dose Aspirin to Lower Dementia Risk in Specific Profiles

A recent analysis published in Alzheimer's Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association reveals that low-dose aspirin is associated with a substantially reduced risk of dementia in older adults who possess particular genetic characteristics. While previous clinical trials found no overall protective effect of aspirin when evaluated across entire populations, this new research indicates that specific genetic profiles may alter how individuals respond to the medication.

The findings are based on genetic data from more than 13,500 participants involved in the ASPREE Trial, known as Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly. Scientists focused specifically on genes associated with platelet counts—the small blood components responsible for clotting—to determine if genetic variations in platelet levels influenced aspirin's potential impact on cognitive decline.

Researchers assigned participants genetic scores tied to platelet counts and compared dementia rates between those taking aspirin and those given a placebo. Among individuals in the highest 20 percent of platelet count genetic scores, only 1 percent of aspirin users developed dementia, compared to 3.3 percent of participants receiving a placebo. This disparity corresponds to an approximate 70 percent lower relative risk of dementia for those taking aspirin within that specific group.

Despite these promising results, the research highlights a critical safety concern. Within the same genetic cohort, 4.4 percent of aspirin users experienced major bleeding events, compared to 2.1 percent of those in the placebo group. Dr. Peter Fransquet, lead author of the study and a research fellow at Monash University's School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, emphasized that an individual's genetic makeup could eventually help tailor preventive treatments rather than relying on a generalized approach.

Dr. Fransquet noted that the identified genetic signal is distinct from established Alzheimer's disease risk factors, directing attention instead toward platelet biology. However, experts stress that these findings require robust confirmation through additional studies and dedicated clinical trials before doctors can issue updated medical recommendations.

Medical professionals strongly advise against starting an aspirin regimen independently to prevent dementia, citing the heightened danger of serious bleeding. The ongoing research underscores the complex relationship between common medications, genetics, and preventive healthcare as global dementia rates continue to rise.